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Solar energy is radiant, produced by the sun. It is referred to as “renewable”, because the sun’s energy is constant and can be used as a dependable source of power. The heat and light that the sun produces can be harnessed to provide electricity, heating, and fuel. It may also be utilized as a fossil fuel alternative which can reduce controversial reliance on foreign sources of energy as well as help minimize localized pollution.
Two main forms of solar energy are solar thermal and solar light energy. Solar thermal energy is harnessed from heat produced by the sun. This is commonly used to warm household water and swimming pools. Solar light energy uses sunlight as its source. Electric (PV) Systems simply convert light into direct current (DC) electricity. This form of energy is often used to generate power in residential and commercial buildings.
In order to use solar light energy as a source of electricity for residential and commercial buildings, you will need a Solar Electric (PV) System. "PV” stands for photovoltaic - a solar cell technology that works by converting sunlight directly into usable electricity. This system is used in watches and calculators, which work on semi-conducting materials to absorb sunlight and produce power. Larger and more complex PV systems can provide electricity for residential homes and commercial buildings.
A PV (solar-electric) System is comprised of the following components:
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Solar (PV) Panels
The Solar (PV) Panels consist of dozens of small, square-shaped solar cells which can convert light directly into electricity. A typical solar cell uses semiconductors made from silicon.
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Inverter
The inverter converts direct current (DC) into alternative current (AC) electricity that is identical to that produced by the utility company.
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Mounting System
The mounting system securely attaches PV panels to the roof or, in some cases, on the ground. It is designed to provide support and balance.
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Battery (optional)
The battery stores electricity generated by the PV system.
Solar cells, also known as photovoltaic cells, work to convert light into electrical energy. Various types of solar cells may include:
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Monocrystalline Silicon
Produced by slicing wafers (up to 150mm diameter and 350 microns thick) from a high-purity single crystal.
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Multicrystalline Silicon
Produced by sawing a cast block of silicon - first into bars and then wafers. May be less efficient than Monocrystalline silicon.
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Amorphous Silicon (a-Si)
A very thin layer of silicon that is deposited on a glass, metal or plastic substrate to create a photovoltaic (PV) module. It is the non-crystalline allotropic form of silicon.
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Thin Film
A solar-electric technology utilizing very thin layers of semiconductor materials which are usually one to ten microns. This type of device uses far less material than a conventional silicon photovoltaic (PV) panel.
The term “green” (or “renewable”) describes forms of energy considered to be environmentally friendly. Through the Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) Program, many states have adopted a means to promote their use.
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